The gut microbiota, or billions of bacteria, is important for weight management and other health issues. How gut microorganisms affect weight:
1. Digestion and Nutrient Absorption
Gut bugs help break down food and absorb nutrients, which can change how many calories you eat and your energy balance.
2. Metabolism of Dietary Fibers
Some bacteria in the gut break down food fibres into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate. These acids can speed up the metabolism, lower inflammation, and control hunger.
3. Production of Metabolites
Metabolites made by gut bacteria can change biochemical processes like how bile acid is used, how sensitive the body is to insulin, and how much fat it stores.
4. Inflammation and Immune Response
When gut bacteria are out of balance, it can cause inflammation, which is linked to obesity and metabolic diseases.
5. Regulation of Appetite Hormones
Hormones like leptin and ghrelin, which control messages for hunger and fullness, can be changed by gut bacteria.
6. Impact on Fat Storage and Metabolic Rate
Some bacteria in the gut may change how fat is stored, how fast the metabolism works, and how well food is used for energy.
7. Response to Diet and Exercise
The types of bacteria that live in your gut can affect how your body reacts to changes in your food and exercise, which can affect how well you lose weight.
8. Communication with Brain
Gut bacteria can talk to the brain through the gut-brain axis, which can change food choices, mood, and behaviour related to eating habits.
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